DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS

04^th January 2022

1 – ABOUT THE CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION:

GS II

Topic – Statutory and Non-Statutory Bodies

• What exactly is CBI:
• The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is India’s top investigative agency.
• It was formed under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1967.
• It is overseen by the Department of Personnel, Ministry of Personnel, Pensions & Public Grievances, Government of India, which is part of the prime minister’s office.
• The Central Vigilance Commission, on the other hand, is in charge of investigations under the Prevention of Corruption Act.
• It also serves as India’s nodal police agency, coordinating investigations on behalf of Interpol member countries.
• It has a conviction record of 65 to 70%, which puts it on par with the greatest investigation organizations in the world.
• The CBI is in charge of a number of cases including:
• Anti-Corruption Crimes – for the investigation of cases brought against public officials and workers of the Central Government, Public Sector Undertakings, Corporations, or Bodies owned or controlled by the Government of India under the Prevention of Corruption Act.
• Economic Crimes – for the investigation of major financial scams and serious economic frauds, such as crimes involving Fake Indian Currency Notes, Bank Frauds, and Cyber Crime, bank frauds, Import Export & Foreign Exchange violations, large-scale narcotics, antiques, cultural property, and other contraband items, and so on.
• Special Crimes – cases of terrorism, bomb blasts, kidnapping for ransom, and crimes perpetrated by the mafia/underworld are investigated under the Indian Penal Code and other laws at the request of state governments or on the directives of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
• Suo Moto Cases – The CBI can only investigate offences in the Union Territories on its own initiative.
• The CBI can be authorized by the Central Government to investigate a crime in a state, but only with the approval of the state government in question.
• The Supreme Court and High Courts, on the other hand, have the authority to direct the CBI to investigate a crime anywhere in the country without the permission of the government.
• Source – The Hindu – 04/01/22 – Page Number 5

2 – DETAILS OF THE PANGONG TSO LAKE:

GS I

Topic – Geography 

• Context:
• Violence between India and China has erupted in and around the Pangong Tso Lake in recent months.’
• Kicking and punching, stone hurling, and the use of sticks and steel rods have all been described as causing serious injuries.
• Normally, the two patrols would have practiced a “flag exercise,” in which one side would show a banner asking the other to leave its territory.
• This exercise could last anything from a few minutes to an hour.
• Except for a little jostling here and there, the two sides would separate gently.
• Due to heightened tensions between the two troops at Doklam on the Sikkim border, the Chinese chose to launch violence against the Indians this time.
• What is Pangong Tso’s significance:
• Pangong Tso is a long, thin, deep, landlocked lake in Ladakh, Himalayas, at a height of almost 14,000 feet.
• The 135-kilometer-long lake, which is shaped like a boomerang and spans 604 square kilometers, is 6 kilometers wide at its widest point.
• Pangong Tso’s western terminus is 54 kilometers southeast of Leh.
• In the winter, the brackish water lake freezes over, making it perfect for ice skating and polo.
• What is the source of the conflict:
• The Line of Actual Control (LAC) runs through the lake, but its exact location is disputed by India and China.
• When the Army unit from the region was relocated to Kargil for Operation Vijay in 1999, China took advantage of the chance to construct a 5-kilometer road along the lake’s edge inside Indian territory.
• Chinese fortifications on the northern tip of Pangong Lake physically overlook Indian positions from one of these roads.
• Currently, India controls a 45-kilometer stretch of the lake’s western shore, while China controls the rest.
• The majority of the battles between the two armies take place in the lake’s disputed area.
• What are the territorial rights in this area:
• The Chinese had a significant advantage over the Indians, as their superior boats could essentially run circles around them.
• India, on the other hand, purchased superior vessels, prompting a speedier and more aggressive response.
• Tourists were not permitted to visit Pangong Tso until 1999, and even now, an Inner Line Permit must be obtained from the office of the Deputy Commissioner in Leh.
• Tourists are now only permitted to travel up to Spangmik village, around 7 kilometers into the lake.
• Source – The Hindu – 04/01/22 – Page Number 1

3 – ABOUT THE BULLI BAI APP:

Prelims Specific Topic

• According to reports, the webpage was created on January 1st and had a number of photos of Muslim women, including journalists, social workers, students, and celebrities, along with insulting remarks.
• Bulli Bai’s complaint was filed by a woman who works for an internet news platform.
• “The term ‘Bulli bai’ itself appears disrespectful, and the content of this website/portal (bullibai.github.io) is clearly aimed at insulting Muslim women, as the derogatory term ‘Bulli’ is used exclusively for Muslim women, and the entire website appears to have been designed with the intent of embarrassing and insulting Muslim women,” she wrote in her complaint.
• She said the portal used her doctored photo “in an inappropriate, offensive, and blatantly obscene manner.”
• The photo uploads on the ‘Bulli Bai’ app were identical to those on the ‘Sulli Deals’ app in July of last year.
• The ‘Bulli Bai’ app functioned similarly to Sulli Deals.
• When the box was opened, a Muslim woman’s face was displayed as Bulli Bai at random.
• Source – The Hindu – 04/01/22 – Page Number 1

4 – ABOUT THE COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY:

GS II

Topic – International Organizations

• What exactly is CTBT:
• The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) prohibits any nuclear explosions – anywhere, at any time, by anyone.
• The Geneva Conference on Disarmament negotiated the Treaty, which was then approved by the United Nations General Assembly. On September 24, 1996, it was made available for signature.
• The Treaty shall enter into force once it has been ratified by all 44 states specified in Annex 2 to the Treaty. At the time the Treaty was negotiated and adopted, these countries had nuclear weapons.
• The Treaty has yet to be signed by India, North Korea, and Pakistan.
• What does it mean to have a “zero yield”:
• A “zero yield” test ban, which would prohibit supercritical hydro-nuclear testing but not sub-critical hydrodynamic nuclear tests, has been classified as a full test ban.
• What is the significance of the CTBT:
• The CTBT is the final impediment to the development of nuclear weapons.
• It prevents the development of new nuclear weapons as well as the advancement of existing nuclear weapon systems.
• The Treaty establishes a legally enforceable prohibition on nuclear testing. The Treaty also aids in the prevention of human suffering and environmental damage from nuclear testing.

• Source – The Hindu – 04/01/22 – Page Number 11